"Smart motorways" are designed to increase capacity and reduce they can be confusing for drivers who aren't used to them. Here is everything you need to know to stay safe. For general advice, see our motorway driving tips.
What is a Smart Motorway?
A smart motorway uses active traffic management techniques to increase capacity. There are three main types:
- All Lane Running: The hard shoulder is permanently converted into a running lane.
- Dynamic Hard Shoulder: The hard shoulder can be opened to traffic during busy periods (indicated by overhead signs).
- Controlled Motorway: Three or more lanes with variable speed limits, but a traditional hard shoulder is retained for emergencies.
The "Red X" Rule
NEVER drive in a lane with a Red X
A Red X on an overhead gantry means the lane is closed, usually due to an accident or debris ahead. It is illegal to drive in a lane closed by a Red X. You could receive a ÂŖ100 fine and 3 penalty points.
Emergency Refuge Areas (ERAs)
On smart motorways without a hard shoulder, you will see orange Emergency Refuge Areas spaced regularly (usually every 1.5 miles).
If you break down:
- Try to reach an Emergency Refuge Area.
- Once stopped, switch on your hazard lights.
- Exit the vehicle from the passenger side (away from traffic) and get behind the safety barrier.
- Use the SOS phone to contact Highways England.
Variable Speed Limits
Smart motorways use variable speed limits (displayed in a red circle on overhead gantries) to smooth traffic flow. These are mandatory. If no speed limit is displayed, the national speed limit (70 mph) applies.
Summary
Smart motorways are safe if you follow the rules: obey the speed limits, never drive under a Red X, and know what to do in an emergency.